Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Drug-Induced Resistance and Phenotypic Switch in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Can Be Controlled via Resolution and Targeting of Individualized Signaling Signatures

doi: 10.3390/cancers13195009

Figure Lengend Snippet: TNBC tissues are represented by different patient-specific signaling signatures, majority of which do not include EGFR. ( A ) Fold changes in expression levels of EGFR and pEGFR in TNBC and non-TNBC tumors are shown. Y1068 and Y1173 are EGFR phosphorylation sites; ( B ) Examples for patient-specific sets of active unbalanced processes are shown. Each sample harbors a set of 1–3 active unbalanced processes (PaSSS), represented schematically by a barcode. In each barcode active unbalanced processes are represented by black or gray squares, inactive white. Negative/positive amplitude denotes how the patients are correlated with respect to a particular process. Suggested PaSSS-based therapies appear below each barcode; ( C ) Heterogeneity index of 3 subgroups, represented by a ratio between the number of distinct PaSSSs and the number of samples in each subset, is shown for the TNBC subset of tissues, the entire set (3467 samples from 11 cancer types) and the subset of non-TNBC samples. (Abbreviations: TNBC—Triple Negative Breast Cancer, PaSSS—Patient-specific signaling signature, EGFR—Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, VEGFR2—Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2, Her2—Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2, Src—Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src).

Article Snippet: The following conjugated antibodies were used: anti-p-EGFR (Y1068) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, cat. no. IC3570G), anti-p-ERK2 (Thr202/Tyr204) (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA, cat. No. 675503), anti-p-S6 (Ser235/236) (BioLegend, cat. no. 608605), and anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, USA, cat. no. sc-47724AF594).

Techniques: Expressing, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation

Article Title: Intracellular signaling pathways control mitochondrial events associated with the development of ischemia/ reperfusion-associated damage.

doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00883.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1 Alterations in MAPK activity are associated with IR or HR. Representative immunoblots (a, c, e) and a summary graph (b, d) are shown. (a, b). Three animals undergoing heterotopic heart transplantation were analysed in each group. Treatment conditions were as follows: Co, untreated animals; H, 45 min of ischemia; R1-R4, hearts exposed to 45 min of ischemia and either 10 min (R1), 2 h (R2), 12 h (R3), 24 h (R4) or 48 h (R5), of reperfusion. BALB/c mouse heart lysates display low levels of ERK1,2 activity in the control group (Co). 45 min of ischemia increased stress kinase activity (p38: 4.6-fold increase, *P < 0.05 vs. control; JNK: 9.4-fold increase, *P < 0.05 vs. control) but left ERK 1,2 unaf- fected. 10 min of reperfusion (R1) caused a significant increase in ERK activity (ERK1,2: 8.4-fold increase, **P < 0.01 vs. control), and a further increase in p38 (p38: 9.4-fold increase, **P < 0.01 vs. control) and JNK (JNK1,2: 57.7-fold increase, **P < 0.01 vs. control) activity. After 2 h of reperfusion (R2) JNK (JNK1,2: 2.6-fold increase) and p38 (p38: 0.6-fold) activity had returned to control (Co) levels, while ERK (ERK1,2: 4.8-fold increase) activation still did not return to prereperfusion levels and stayed above levels in control hearts until the end of the observation period (ERK1,2: 2.73-fold increase). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (of n = 3). (c–e) Changes in MAPK signaling in HL-1 cells and primary BALB/c car- diomyocytes subjected to 45 min of hypoxia (0.5% O2, 37 C, serum-/glucose-free medium) and up to 48 h of reoxygenation. The treatment conditions were as follows: Co, untreated cells; H, 45 min of hypoxia R1-R4: hypoxia (45 min) followed by reoxygenation in growth medium for 10 min (R1), 2 h (R2), 24 h (R3) or 48 h (R4), respectively. 45 min of hypoxia increased activity of all three MAPKs, 10 min of reperfusion lead to a further increase in their activities. After 2 h of reperfusion JNK and p38 activity had ceased while ERK activity still had not returned to control levels. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3, all **P < 0.01). In the case of primary cardiomyocytes a single experiment was performed.

Article Snippet: Immunoblots were probed with the following antibodies: phospho-ERK (sc-7383; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), phospho JNK (AF-1205; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or phospho-p38 (9211S, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Western Blot, Transplantation Assay, Control, Activation Assay

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Silvestrol Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication

doi: 10.3390/v10110592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of signal transduction during CHIKV infection in the presence of 50 nM silvestrol. ( A ) HEK 293T cells were seeded in six-well plates and were infected with CHIKV using an MOI of 1, and 50 nM silvestrol was added where indicated. Cells were treated with IFNα for 30 min before harvest if indicated, and Western blot analysis of cell lysates was performed. (−) Untreated cells; (+) treated cells. In lanes 3–6, cells were infected with CHIKV. The CHIKV E2 protein, STAT1, eIF2α, and their phosphorylated proteins were detected with specific antibodies and secondary HRP-coupled antibodies, and the ECL detection system (Amersham, Freiburg). Equal loading of each blot was controlled by detection of β-actin; and, ( B ) Uninfected HEK293T cells were treated with IFNα for 30 min before harvest and either treated with silvestrol for 16 h or left untreated. Western blot analysis of cell lysates was performed and p-STAT1 and STAT1 were detected. STAT1 served as a loading control.

Article Snippet: The following conditions were used: 50 mM sodium borate pH 9.0, 20% methanol, and 0.1% SDS buffer at 100 mA per membrane for 75 min. After the blotting, membranes were blocked with Roti-BlockTM (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), and specific proteins were detected with antibodies directed against: CHIKV-E2 (Eurogentec, Köln, Germany, custom made), STAT1 (Sigma, Munich, Germany; #HPA000982), phospho-STAT1 (Cell Signaling, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; #7649), eIF2α (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK; #AF3997), phospho-eIF2α (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK; #MAB39971), mCherry (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, #ab183628), CHIKV-nsP2 (Abgenex, Bhubaneswar, India; clone ABM3F3.2E10), or β-actin (Sigma, Munich, Germany; #A5441).

Techniques: Transduction, Infection, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Modeling Progressive Fibrosis with Pluripotent Stem Cells Identifies an Anti-fibrotic Small Molecule

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.019

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Rabbit p-SMAD2/3 , R and D systems , Cat# MAB8935; RRID:AB_2313773.

Techniques: Virus, Recombinant, Luciferase, Imaging, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Hydroxyproline Assay, Software